圖片來源:medicalxpress.com
近日,一項發表於國際雜誌Nutrition Reviews上的研究論文中,來自昆士蘭科技大學(Queensland University of Technology)的研究人員通過研究發現,獨自生活(獨居)的人們或許更易缺乏日常的關鍵食物而患上不健康飲食的習慣。
文章中研究者研究表示,個體不充分的烹飪技能、沒有同伴陪伴去購物、食物成本的增加以及缺乏動力去烹飪是很多獨居者的問題所在;相比女性而言,男性更易於患上不良飲食的習慣。研究者Katherine Hanna說道,文章中我們對此前的41項研究進行分析調查了獨居、食物以及營養攝入之間的關聯。
本文研究首次調查了個體獨居和食物攝取之間的密切關聯,研究者指出,文章研究結果發現獨居者或許食物攝入多樣性明顯降低,而且一些核心食物比如水果、蔬菜和魚類的消耗量明顯不足。目前在發達國家獨居個體的數量不斷增加,2010年澳大利亞23%的家庭都為獨居者家庭。
文章闡明了獨居或許是個體健康飲食的一大障礙,而且這也和食物的烹飪文化、食物的社會角色直接相關,比如缺少烹飪的興趣和享受或許會促進獨居者準備一點簡單的飯菜填肚即可,而這些飯菜往往缺少關鍵的健康元素。研究者Hanna表示,獨居者在不同年齡、性別、教育以及社會狀態上都存在一定的多樣性,喪偶或離婚的個體之前往往會依賴於對方來準備食物,這樣的個體一旦缺少伴侶就往往會缺乏足夠的烹飪技能來為自己做一頓健康豐盛的飯菜。
經濟因素同樣也可以幫助解釋獨居者諸如水果和蔬菜等食物的缺乏,因為獨居者需要足夠的錢來購買,可現實情況卻不容許其購買一些健康的食材;研究者隨後指出,獨居的心理影響會影響飲食方式,此前研究發現,獨居是預測個體老年後營養不良的主要預測子。
最後研究者表示,目前有很多策略可以幫助改善獨居者不良的飲食方式,而其中一些策略程序就包括重點關注獨居個體的烹飪技能及個體的預算,這可以幫助改善個體健康食品攝入的可負擔性,同時也可以有效改善個體的健康狀況。
doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuv024
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Relationship between living alone and food and nutrient intake
Katherine L. Hanna, Peter F. Collins
The increase in the number of individuals living alone has implications for nutrition and health outcomes. The aim of this review was to investigate whether there is a difference in food and nutrient intake between adults living alone and those living with others. Eight electronic databases were searched, using terms related to living alone, nutrition, food, and socioeconomic factors. Forty-one papers met the inclusion criteria, and data of interest were extracted. Results varied but suggested that, compared with persons who do not live alone, persons who live alone have a lower diversity of food intake, a lower consumption of some core foods groups (fruits, vegetables, and fish), and a higher likelihood of having an unhealthy dietary pattern. Associations between living alone and nutrient intake were unclear. Men living alone were more often observed to be at greater risk of undesirable intakes than women. The findings of this review suggest that living alone could negatively affect some aspects of food intake and contribute to the relationship between living alone and poor health outcomes, although associations could vary among socioeconomic groups. Further research is required to help to elucidate these findings.