Nosocomial infection is a common complication after abdominal oncology surgery. Aimed at finding its independent risk factors for prevention, all the patients who underwent abdominal oncology surgery were summarized from March 1st, 2010 to March 1st, 2013 from the oncology surgery department, Beijing Shijitan Hospital. The investigated variances were patients’ information including admission number, sex, age, diabetes, diagnosis,length of stay, American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, surgery time, number of drainage tubes. Comparisons were taken between the infected cases and non-infected cases for retrospective logistic regression analysis. 4 variances including diabetes, preoperative hospitalization time ≥ 6 days, surgery time ≥ 230 minutes, ASA grade ≥ III were found out to be related to nosocomial infection after surgery. The 4 variances mentioned above were risk factors for nosocomial infection after surgery.